Comparison of satellite orbit ephemerides for use in GPS meteorology

This paper discusses GPS (Global Position System) meteorology. The research presented is based on a comparison of values of precipitable water vapour PWV, based on GPS measurements using final and predicted ephemerides of satellite orbits. We analysed recent year’s improvement in predicting ephemerides. We compared the data outputs from a radiosonde using GPS receiver measurements directly from the meteorological station from which the radiosondes were launched. The results indicate a high quality of the predicted ephemerides. This finding makes predicted ephemerides highly usable for near real-time estimations of PWV. To use PWV in meteorological forecast applications, this high speed of PWV values supply is necessary.     

环境减灾-1A、1B卫星技术

"环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座"A、B卫星(环境减灾-1A、1B卫星,简称HJ-1A、1B卫星)是我国新一代民用光学对地遥感小卫星,具有48h对中国境内及周边地区实现无缝覆盖观测的能力.文章介绍了HJ-1A、1B卫星的主要技术方案、技术创新点和特点,以及在轨各种光学相机的使用效果和主要应用领域,可为我国后续环境减灾监测预报遥感小卫星系列发展提供有益的技术参考.     

环境减灾-1A、1B卫星研制综述

环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座--环境减灾-1A、1B卫星经历了方案阶段、初样阶段、正样阶段的研制工作,研制中解决了星座设计与优化、全新载荷的研制难题,克服了主动段时间长和任务与接口要求变化大等问题,积累了丰富的经验和教训,可以为其它型号研制提供借鉴.     

Effects of stability margin and thrust specific fuel consumption constrains on multi-disciplinary optimization for blended-wing-body design

Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) configuration, as an innovative transport concept, has become a worldwide research focus in the field of civil transports development. Relative to the conventional Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration, the BWB shows integrated benefits and serves as a most promising candidate for future ‘‘green aviation". The objective of the present work is to figure out the effects of the stability margin and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption(TSFC) on the BWB design in the framework of Multi-Disciplinary Optimization(MDO). A physically-based platform was promoted to study the effect static stability margin and engine technology level. Low-order physically based models are applied to the evaluation of the weight and the aerodynamic performance. The modules and methods are illustrated in detail, and the validation of the methods shows feasibility and confidence for the conceptual design of BWB aircrafts. In order to find out the relation between planform changes and the selection of stability and engine technology level, two sets of optimizations are conducted separately. The study proves that these two factors have dominant effects towards the optimized BWB designs in both aerodynamic shapes, weight distribution, which needs to be considered during the MDO design process. A balance diagram analysis is applied to find out a reasonable static stability margin range. It can be concluded that a recommended stability margin of a practical BWB commercial aircraft can be half of that of a conventional TAW design.     

翼身融合布局民机克鲁格襟翼设计

翼身融合（BWB）布局是"绿色航空"发展目标的下一代大型民用飞机的理想布局。由于高度融合的外形特点，BWB布局难以通过应用传统增升装置实现低速增升与配平的协调设计。本文采用开缝钝头克鲁格襟翼提高BWB布局低速失速特性。首先，构建了克鲁格襟翼二维参数化方法，该方法符合克鲁格襟翼运动机构特点，可准确描述几何外形与缝道配置。其次，开展克鲁格襟翼几何参数与偏转角度的影响规律研究，分析流动形态与增升机理，提出设计原则。综合考虑外形、运动机构与遮蔽效应等设计约束，以提高增升能力为目标，开展前缘开缝克鲁格襟翼优化设计。优化设计结果满足设计约束，数值分析表明其增升能力比初始外形与经典缝翼均有明显提高。最终，采用前缘开缝克鲁格襟翼与后缘简单襟翼构建BWB增升构型，数值模拟与风洞试验结果表明，增升方案能够实现升力系数要求，降低了对配平能力的需求，减小了增升装置和高升力配平设计压力。提出的克鲁格襟翼设计方法不仅适用于BWB布局，也为传统布局民机增升装置设计提供了技术支持。     

基于BP神经网络的GNSS-R海面风速反演

针对GNSS-R进行海面风速反演过程中时频域相关物理量较多，数据耦合性强等问题，提出了基于反向传播（BP）神经网络反演海面风速的方法。建立反演过程中相关观测量与风速的对应关系，选取多观测量作为输入，对输入数据进行处理，设置神经元与激励函数，使用BP神经网络自适应调整拟合参数，将风速作为神经网络输出端的特征量提取。反演结果，风速≤ 20 m/s时，反演均方根误差RMSE=1.21 m/s，风速>20 m/s时反演均方根误差RMSE=2.54 m/s，反演结果优于使用时延相关曲线前沿斜率（LES）和时延多普勒相关功率均值（DDMA）方法得到的反演结果，且迭代次数较少，复杂度较低，证明该方法可以应用于GNSS-R海面风速反演。     

Satellite altimetry determination of differences between mean sea-level heights and testing geopotential models

The Satellite Altimeter Data has been used for a) Determination of differences between mean ocean levels; b) Testing the accuracy of different geopotential models as regards their internal structure over the oceans.     

飞机座舱盖串级PID加温控制系统设计

座舱盖加温加载试验台是验证飞机飞行时的气动加温和气动加载是否会引发座舱盖疲劳破坏的最有 效途径之一,但在设计与搭建试验台的过程中,不可避免地会遇到座舱盖表面温度场滞后和超调等问题。在交 流换热给座舱盖加温的背景下,对加温系统进行建模,分别给出串级 PID 调节器和加温控制系统的设计方案, 并对控制效果进行分析。结果表明:本文设计的加温控制系统有效地解决了加温过程中温度场滞后及超调的 问题,且灵敏度较高。     

环境减灾-1A、1B卫星在轨性能评估

环境减灾-1A、1B卫星是我国第一个具有严格成像视场匹配要求的光学对地遥感星座.经过在轨测试,各项指标均满足要求.文章介绍了环境减灾-1A、1B卫星入轨后在轨测试的性能评估结果,对该星座后续业务化应用提供了宝贵数据.     

环境减灾-1A、1B卫星总体构型布局设计与优化

给出环境减灾-1A、1B卫星构型布局设计的技术需求,在继承海洋-1卫星平台设计的基础上,针对两颗星有效载荷以及亚太合作Ka频段通信试验分系统的特点,在不改变主承力结构的前提下,充分利用有限可变条件,对结构尺寸、太阳翼安装、贮箱安装、Ka频段板设计以及Ka频段天线布局等做了合理设计,提高了整星装填密度,对同类小卫星的构型布局设计具有借鉴作用.